Aamina Belim

               AAMINA BELIM

               THE STUDY OF DRAMA
               ENGLISH
               TYBA     SEM- 5
               MAHARANI SHREE NANDKUVARBA MAHILA                         ARTS AND COMMERCE COLLEGE


                                 HOME ASSSIGNMENT

OTHELLO

BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE[ 1564–1616 ]

   
    
  ABOUT THE AUTHOR

William Shakespeare (1564–1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist.

Born: April 23, 1564, Stratford-upon-Avon, England
Died: April 23, 1616, Stratford-upon-Avon, England
Occupations: Playwright, poet, actor
Genres: Tragedy, comedy, history, romance
Theatrical Company: The Lord Chamberlain’s Men (later known as The King’s Men)

ABOUT THE PLAY
Genre: Tragedy
Written: Circa 1603–1604
Setting: Venice and Cyprus
Main Themes: Jealousy, race, manipulation, betrayal, love, honor

Othello, written by William Shakespeare around 1603–1604, is one of his most powerful and emotionally intense tragedies. The play explores deep human emotions—especially jealousy and trust—and how easily even the noblest people can be destroyed when evil enters their lives. At the heart of Othello is the tragic downfall of a great man brought low by lies, manipulation, and his own inner insecurities.

PLOT SUMMARY

The play opens in Venice, where Othello has secretly married Desdemona. Her father, Brabantio, is outraged, but the Duke supports their marriage due to Othello’s military importance.

Othello is then sent to Cyprus to defend it from a Turkish invasion. Iago, bitter that Cassio was promoted instead of him, begins to plot Othello’s downfall. He pretends to be a loyal friend while planting seeds of doubt in Othello’s mind about Desdemona’s fidelity.

Iago manipulates events to make it seem like Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. He uses a stolen handkerchief—Othello’s first gift to Desdemona—as "proof" of her unfaithfulness. Consumed by jealousy and rage, Othello’s love for Desdemona turns into hatred.

Blinded by lies, Othello smothers Desdemona in their bed. Soon after, Emilia exposes Iago’s schemes. Horrified by what he’s done, Othello takes his own life. Iago is arrested but shows no remorse.

CHARACTERS
  • Othello: A Black Moor and a brilliant general in the Venetian army. He is deeply in love with his wife, Desdemona. Though noble and strong, he is emotionally vulnerable and insecure—especially due to his outsider status in a white European society.

  • Desdemona: The daughter of a Venetian nobleman, she defies social expectations by marrying Othello. Desdemona is innocent, devoted, and loyal—tragically so, as she becomes a victim of Othello’s misplaced jealousy.

  • Iago: One of Shakespeare’s most chilling villains. Iago pretends to be honest and trustworthy but is driven by jealousy and resentment. He manipulates everyone around him for his own twisted satisfaction.

  • Cassio: Othello’s young and handsome lieutenant. Iago is jealous of Cassio’s promotion and uses him as a tool to arouse Othello’s suspicions about Desdemona.

  • Emilia: Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s maid. She is loyal to Desdemona but unaware of her husband’s evil intentions—until it’s too late.

  • Roderigo: A foolish suitor of Desdemona who is easily manipulated by Iago, believing he can win Desdemona’s love.

  • THEMES

    1. Jealousy as a Destructive Force:

    Jealousy is the driving force of the play. Iago’s jealousy of Cassio and Othello sets the tragedy in motion. Othello’s own jealousy leads him to destroy the very person he loves most.

    2. Race and Outsider Status:

    Othello is a Black man in a white society, and his outsider status contributes to his feelings of insecurity. Shakespeare explores how racial prejudice and social isolation can affect even the strongest individuals.

    3. Manipulation and Deception:

    Iago is a master manipulator, using half-truths, lies, and people’s weaknesses to control them. His ability to seem honest while being utterly corrupt is a chilling reminder of how appearances can be deceiving.

    4. Love and Trust:

    At the core of the tragedy is a beautiful love story destroyed by broken trust. Othello and Desdemona’s love is passionate and genuine, but it cannot survive suspicion and betrayal.

    5. Honor and Reputation:

    Reputation is vital in the world of Othello. Othello believes that Desdemona’s supposed unfaithfulness destroys his honor. Ironically, it's this belief that leads him to commit a dishonorable act.


    CLASS ASSIGNEMENT



     Exercise 1 Match the character to the Emojis 


    A.→ Desdemona 

     b.→ Emilia 

    C. →Iago

     D.→Roderigo 

    E→Brabantio 

     F.→Othello 

     G.  → The duke


    Exercise 2: WHO AM I ? 
    Read the emoji description and write the character's name 


    1→ Bianca 
    2 →Grabantio
    3→Lodovica
    4 →Montago 


    Exercise: SHORT ANSWER

    Answer:1
                  The 🗝️is used to describe Emilia in Othello because she unlocks the truth—she reveals Iago’s plot, exposes the deception, and brings clarity to Othello and others.



    Answer:2
                The💔  suggests Othello’s journey of love turning into jealousy, betrayal, and deep heartbreak, leading to his tragic downfall.



    Answer:3
                   The 🤥 suggests that Iago is dishonest, deceitful, and manipulative, always using lies to control others



     Bonus: Express Cassio in Emojis!


        Three emojis: ⚔️🍷🙏🏻

    ⚔️ = his role as a noble soldier and lieutenant.

    🍷 = his weakness with drinking, which causes mistakes.

    🙏🏻 = his regret and desire for forgiveness and honour.


    Multiple choice questions

         

    1. What is William Shakespeare often called?

    Answer: C) The Bard of Avon

    2. In which year was William Shakespeare born?

    Answer: B) 1564

    3. How many sonnets did William Shakespeare write ? 

    Answer: C) 154

    4. What type of play is Othello?

    Answer: B) Tragedy

    5. In what language was the original story of Othello written?

    Answer: D) Italian

    6. What is the name of the Italian book that inspired Othello?

    Answer: B) De gli Hecatommithi

    7.When was the first published version of Othello released? 

    Answer: C) 1622

    8. Which collection included the second version of Othello?

    Answer: B) The First Folio

    9. Which genre does not belong to Shakespeare’s categories of plays?

    Answer: B) Epic

    10. Why is William Shakespeare considered highly influential?

    Answer: C) His works are studied, translated, and performed worldwide

    11. How many plays did William Shakespeare write (including collaborations)?

    Answer: C) 39

    12. What is a “quarto”?

    Answer: B) A small book format

    13. In which year was Othello first written?

    Answer: B) 1603–1604

    14. Why is Roderigo furious with Iago at the beginning of the play?

    Answer: B) Iago failed to secure Desdemona for him despite being paid

    15. Why does Iago claim to hate Othello?

    Answer: C) Othello promoted Cassio over him

    16. What action do Iago and Roderigo take to provoke Brabantio?

    Answer: C) Wake him to tell of Desdemona’s elopement

    17. How does Othello defend himself against accusations of using witchcraft?

    Answer: C) He recounts tales of his life that won her heart


    18. What ultimately convinces the Duke and Senate of Othello’s honesty?

    Answer: A) Desdemona’s own testimony

    19. What event eliminates the Turkish threat to Cyprus?

    Answer: C) A severe storm at sea

    20. What minor gesture between Cassio and Desdemona does Iago use to manipulate Othello?

    Answer: B) A handshake

    21. What advice does Iago give to Roderigo about Cassio during the celebration?

    Answer: C) Start a fight to discredit him

    22. How is Cassio demoted?

    Answer: C) He wounds Montano during a drunken fight


    23. What advice does Iago give Cassio after his demotion?

    Answer: B) Ask Desdemona to speak to Othello


    24. How does Iago obtain Desdemona’s handkerchief?

    Answer: C) Emilia picks it up and gives it to him 


    25. What false proof does Iago give Othello of Desdemona's infidelity?

    Answer: C) Cassio wearing Desdemona’s handkerchief


    26. What effect does jealousy have on Othello’s physical state?

    Answer: C) He experiences an epileptic seizure




    27. Why does Othello strike Desdemona in front of Lodovico?

    Answer: D) Lodovico announces Cassio’s promotion




    28. How does Iago use Bianca to reinforce his plot?

    Answer: B) He lets her return the handkerchief Cassio has



    29. What lie does Iago tell Desdemona to explain Othello’s rage?

    Answer: C) That Othello is troubled by political matters



    30. Why does Roderigo agree to attack Cassio?

    Answer: D) To win Desdemona’s love



    31. How does Iago cover his tracks after the attack on Cassio?

    Answer: A) He frames Roderigo and murders him


    32. What claim does Desdemona make before dying?

    Answer: C) That she committed suicide


    33. What final actions close the play?

    Answer: A) Cassio becomes general, Iago is to be executed, and Lodovico returns to Venice


    32. What claim does Desdemona make before dying?

    Answer: C) That she committed suicide


    33. What final actions close the play?

    Answer: A) Cassio becomes general, Iago is to be executed, and Lodovico returns to Venice


    34. What causes Othello to lose control of his actions?

    Answer: B) Trust in Iago


    35. What does Desdemona’s loyalty represent in the play?

    Answer: C) True love and innocence


    36. How does Iago manipulate Othello’s military mindset?

    Answer: C) Turns love into a battle


    37. How does Iago use the theme of “Appearance vs. Reality”?

    Answer: C) He pretends to be honest


    38. What object becomes a symbol of betrayal for Othello?

    Answer: D) Handkerchief


    39. Why is Othello’s idea of justice flawed?

    Answer: C) He acts on anger, not truth


    40. What does the play teach about judging people by looks?


     Answer: 


    41. Who originally gave the handkerchief to Othello’s mother?

    Answer: C) An Egyptian sorcerer


    42. How does Iago use the handkerchief in his plan?

    Answer: C) He plants it with Cassio


    43. What animal is Othello compared to in the play?

    Answer: B) Horse


    44. What does animal language in the play mostly represents

    Answer: C) Prejudice and racism


    45. What does the symbolic use of animals reveal about Iago’s language?

    Answer: C) It shows his use of dehumanizing insults


    46. What happens to the meaning of the handkerchief by the end of the play?

    Answer:C) It symbolizes lies and jealousy



    47. Why does Iago hate Othello?

    Answer: C) Othello didn’t promote him


    48. Who is the "Moor of Venice"?

    Answer: C) Othello


    49. What kind of person is Desdemona?

    Answer: B) Kind and loyal


    50. What does Iago do throughout the play?

    Answer: C) Tricks people and causes destruction


    51. Who is Emilia?

    Answer: C) Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s maid


    52. What is Cassio’s main problem in the play?

    Answer: B) He loses his job after a fight


    53. What does Roderigo want most?

    Answer: D) To win Desdemona’s love


    54. Who is Bianca in the play?

    Answer: B) A prostitute who loves Cassio


    55. What is Brabantio’s reaction to Desdemona’s marriage?

    Answer: C) He is angry and shocked


    56. What role does Lodovico play at the end of the play?

    Answer: B) He gives Othello’s property to Graziano



         Essay 
    A doll house by Henrik Ibsen



    A Doll’s House is a play written by the renowned Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen in 1879. The play is considered one of the most influential works in modern drama because it explores important social issues such as marriage, gender roles, and individual freedom. At its core, the play presents the story of a woman named Nora Helmer, who struggles to break free from the expectations and limitations placed upon her by society and her husband. Through its strong characters and bold themes, the play questions the traditional structure of family and marriage in the 19th century.


    Plot Summary

    The story is set in a middle-class household where Nora Helmer lives with her husband, Torvald Helmer, and their children. Torvald is a respectable man, concerned with appearances and moral values. Nora, outwardly cheerful and playful, hides a secret—she has borrowed money to save Torvald’s life without his knowledge. As the story unfolds, a series of events reveal how Torvald’s authority and moral judgments mask his inability to truly support and understand his wife. Nora’s awakening leads to a dramatic conclusion where she chooses to leave her family in order to find her own identity and independence.


    Themes

    One of the most significant themes in A Doll’s House is the role of women in society. Nora’s life in the household is compared to that of a doll—beautiful, obedient, and without rights. Ibsen portrays how women are treated as possessions rather than equals. The play also explores the theme of self-discovery. Nora’s decision to leave her family, though controversial, highlights her journey towards personal freedom and responsibility.


    Impact and Relevance

    A Doll’s House was groundbreaking for its time and sparked debates across Europe about marriage and women’s rights. Even today, it remains relevant because it addresses issues that continue to affect relationships and society. The play encourages readers and viewers to question traditional roles and emphasizes the importance of personal growth and independence.


    Conclusion

    Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is a timeless piece of literature that challenges societal expectations and explores the complex dynamics within a marriage. Through Nora’s journey, Ibsen sheds light on the struggles women face and the courage required to pursue personal freedom. The play’s themes of independence, equality, and self-awareness continue to resonate with audiences, making it a powerful and thought-provoking work.








                  

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